Genetic mutations and lung cancer - new developments in oncology

New results on genetic techniques that are helping doctors diagnose and treat lung cancer were released today at the 1st European Lung Cancer Conference jointly organized by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) in Geneva, Switzerland.

In one report (Abstract No. 81O; 25th April), Israeli researchers from Rosetta Genomics, a biotechnology company developing microRNA-based technologies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, described a test that may help make crucial distinctions between types of lung cancer. They demonstrated that the method can accurately distinguish between squamous and non-squamous forms of non-small-cell lung cancer, based on the levels of different microRNA molecules found in tissue samples.

MicroRNAs are short RNA molecules that regulate many cancer-related processes. Recently, the launch of new targeted therapies for non-squamous, non-small-cell lung cancer underlines the importance of accurate, objective diagnosis has taken center stage. The ability of physicians to accurately differentiate squamous from non-squamous NSCLC may be used as important treatment guide. For example, some treatments for non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer can be deadly or ineffective in patients with the squamous form of the disease. Researchers expect the test to be approved for use during 2008.

In another report (Abstract No. 106PD; 25th April), Italian researchers showed that genetic analysis can help identify patients who are at high risk of relapse after surgery to remove lung cancer. The 3 gene signature may allow oncologists to classify patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent curative surgical resection in high or low risk molecular category, beyond conventional predictors and decide which appropriate treatments they should receive.

The test includes the gene LCK, which is an important marker of immune cell anticancer activity, DUSP-6 which regulates a signaling pathway involved in cancer spread, and ERCC1, which is thought to be a significant prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in non-small-cell lung cancer. These findings mean that we can potentially improve not only the prognostic stratification of patients, but also the choice of the more appropriate adjuvant drug after surgery, i.e. which patients will benefit most.


Source: ESMO